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Würm glaciation
The Würm glaciation ((ドイツ語:Würm-Kaltzeit) or ''Würm-Glazial'' or Würm stage, colloquially often also ''Würmeiszeit'' oder ''Würmzeit''; c.f. ice age), in the literature usually just referred to as the Würm,〔Whittow, John (1984). ''Dictionary of Physical Geography''. London: Penguin, 1984, p. 586. ISBN 0-14-051094-X.〕 often spelt "Wurm", is the name given to the last glacial period in the Alpine region. It is the youngest of the major glaciations of the region that extended beyond the Alps themselves. It is, like most of the other ice ages of the Pleistocene epoch, named after a river, the Würm in Bavaria, a tributary of the Amper. The Würm ice age can be dated to the time about 115,000 to 10,000 years ago, the sources differing depending on whether the long transition phases between the glacials and interglacials (warmer periods) are allocated to one or other of these periods. The average annual temperatures during the Würm ice age in the Alpine Foreland were below −3 °C (today +7 °C). This has been determined from changes in the vegetation (pollen analysis) as well as differences in the facies.〔Rolf K. Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler: ''Auf den Spuren der Eiszeit südlich von München – östlicher Teil'', Wanderungen in die Erdgeschichte, Vol. 8, ISBN 978-3-931516-09-3〕
== Corresponding glaciations worldwide ==
The corresponding ice age of North and Central Europe is known as the Weichselian glaciation. Despite the global changes in climate that were responsible for the major glaciations cycles, the dating of the Alpine ice sheet advances does not correlate automatically with the farthest extent of the Scandinavian ice sheet.〔Sibrava, V., Bowen, D.Q, and Richmond, G.M.: ''Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, Quaternary Science Reviews.'' vol. 5, 1986, p. 1–514〕〔Wighart von Koenigswald: ''Lebendige Eiszeit''. Theiss-Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, p. 34, ISBN 3-8062-1734-3)〕 In North America the corresponding "last ice age" is the called the Wisconsin glaciation.〔Ehlers, J., and P.L. Gibbard: ''Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 2: Part II North America.'' Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004 ISBN 0-444-51462-7〕
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